MANIA

Mania is considered from mood disorders which mean elevated, irritable or expansive mood, it is usually accompanied by grandiosity, hyperactivity, and loss of reality.

it can affect the person alone or it may affect him as a part of a disorder which is called bipolar disorder(Mania+Depression).

What are the causes of Mania?

1- It may result From Chemical imbalance.

2- usually happen in upper social class.

3- also it is common in high educated level.

4- may result from a specific loss or major stressor.

usually, the onset of this disorder between 29 to 40 years and it may be hereditary.

what are the signs and symptoms of mania?

the signs and symptoms of mania will be according to its type, so let us see its types and symptoms of each type.but generally there are 3 main symptoms :

-euphoria

-hyperactivity

-flight of ideas

1- Hypomania:

it is a less severe form of mania, so it isn't required to hospitalize the patient with hypomania as there isn't marked impair in functioning. 

symptoms:

- Wonderful mood, the patient will not recognize the change and the symptoms that happened to him but other will notice that changes in his mood and behavior.

- there are no psychotic features , so there is no delusion or hallucination.

2- Mania :

- usually follow psychic stressor, embarrassment or severe disappointment.

- grandiosity

- inflated self-esteem.

- irritability.

- agitation

-distractability.

- hallucination.

- decrease need for sleep.

3- After mania:

- bizarre behavior.

- delusion.

- hallucination.

- loss of reality.

Treatment of mania:

1- it needs group and individual psychotherapy.

2- also we conduct family and cognitive therapy.

3- we may need electroconvulsive therapy.

4- the drug that frequently used in mania is lithium carbonate.but it is contraindicated in clients with impaired renal, liver or cardiac function.

What should the family do to treat their manic patient?

they should know that the patient is high risk for injury related to extreme hyperactivity so they should do the following :

- decrease environmental stimuli and keep the surroundings quiet as possible.

- remove any hazard materials or sharp objects from the environment.

- encourage the patient to talk about his feelings of fear or anxiety.

-discover ways to relieve patient stress as possible.

- they should redirect patient violent behavior with a physical outlet.

- the family may notice weight loss related to altered nutrition less than body requirement. so they should do the following:

- offer small high calories and high protein snacks.

- encourage fluid intake.

- provide patient with the best food preferred by him.

- educate him about the importance of good nutrition.

according to sleep pattern disturbance we should do the following :

- make the environment quiet with less stimuli as possible.

- encourage him to follow a routine of sleeping at night.

- encourage warm bath.

- decrease coffee and tea.

- giving sleeping medication if the doctor order that.